2018年USCPA考试Q4考季马上结束了，泽稷教育小编为帮助广大学员全力冲刺备考接下来的考试，特别为同学们总结了《财务会计与报告FAR》的常考知识点：现金流——cash flow。
Module 2：Statement of Cash Flows（I）
1.Presentation requirements
●FS must includes Statements of CFs
●Provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities
●Information of material noncash events also presents
●US.GAAP does not require disclosing cash flow per share
●IFRS does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share
2.Cash and cash equivalents
●Cash:actual cash（i.e.,currency,demand deposits）
●Cash equivalents:short-term liquid investment
●Readily convertible into certain amounts of cash
●So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
e.g.treasury bills;
<90 days original maturity period high liquid investments
Note:Bank overdraft is not cash under US.GAAP,but can be included in cash under IFRS.
要点一：
现金等价物：
-高流动性，可快速变现（充分流通的市场）短期票据/投资
-原始到期日（变现期限）小于90天
-现金价值金额固定或几乎无价值变动风险
-公司对现金等价物有明确会计政策，并在FS中充分披露
3.Cash flow statement（CFs）
Statement of CF reconcile cash&cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance
Composed by:
●Operating cash flows（CFO）,from transactions reported on the I/S,and current assets and current liabilities.
●Investing cash flows（CFI）,from noncurrent assets.
●Financing cash flows（CFF）,from debt（non-current liabilities）and equity.
●Cash and cash equivalent beginning balance+CFO+CFI+CFF（net increase/decrease in cash）
=cash and cash equivalent ending balance
●Methods of Edit CFO
–The direct method（encourage）
–The indirect method
Direct/Indirect method only different on CFO
The CFI&CFF are the same.
4.Direct method
Convert each major item on I/S into cashable ones
●Present major classes of CFO
e.g.cash received from customer,cash paid to suppliers and employees
●Noncash items do not appear
e.g.Depreciation,amortization,depletion,equity method income
●Reconciliation of NI to CFO is required as a separate schedule under U.S.GAAP.
要点二：
Major CFO items calculation
公式：各项损益表经营性项目+/-资产负债表项目变化
1）Cash received from customers
=Revenue…………………………Accrual basis
–Receivable increase
+Receivable decrease
+Increase in unearned revenue
–Decrease in unearned revenue
2）Cash paid to suppliers
=Cost of goods sold…………………Accrual basis
+Inventory increase
-Inventory decrease
-AP increase
+AP decrease
3）Cash paid to employees
=Salaries and wages payable……………Accrual basis
-Wages payable increase
+Wages payable decrease
4）Other operating cash payments
=Other operating expenses………………Accrual basis
+Prepaid expense increase
-Prepaid expense decrease
+Accrued liabilities decrease
-Accrued liabilities increase
Module 2：Statement of Cash Flows（II）
5.Indirect method
●Debit balance accounts:
AR,Inventory,Prepaid expense,DTA
●Credit balance accounts:
AP,accrued expense,unearned revenue,DTL
●Non cash expense:
Depreciation,amortization,depletion,allowance/provision，goodwill impairment
●Non cash income:
Income by payment of property,service,securities,COD.
●None operating Gain/Loss
Remove and analyze actual net receipt from CFO to CFI
e.g.Gain/loss from sales of PP&E or land,should be removed from NI,instead report in CFI the full proceeds received from sales of PP&E or land.
Undistributed earned on entity investment,removed from NI.Report actual dividends received in CFO.
要点三:经营净现金流间接法计算
●净利润为起点，调整非现金收支和非经营项目
●非现金收入主要考虑非现金对价的收入,如对价为实物资产，股权，证券，COD等
●非现金支出主要考虑：1）折旧摊销等为满足匹配原则的长期成本回收项目2）为满足谨慎性原则的准备和减值项目
●将长期资产购置处置，股权投资购置，收益及处置，和融资内容调整至CFI,CFF，并将其中的非现金部分单独补充说明
●Timing difference经营性净收入口径由Accrual basis调整为Cash basis
调整资产和负债中应计（收现延迟），和预提（付现延迟）项目，及预收（收现提前）和预付（付现提前）项目，以流动性项目为主
●部分非现金及资产负债项目的分析
如存在坏账核销，由于坏账核销不影响当期净损益但影响AR期末数据，应在NI的非现金AR调整中剔除
债券溢价或折价发行时，cash paid for interest应考虑损益表项目利息费用+/-债券溢价/折价的摊销
e.g.Amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the CFO.（interest paid is in CFO）
利息资本化和非资本化的内容分别计算，资本化部分CFI，非资本化部分CFO
当期折旧费用可以通过B/S累计折旧/净值的变化，剔除PP&E购置或处置带来的折旧/净值变化因素得到。
■5-2 CFI
Purchase or sale of non-current assets
e.g.PP&E,Finance assets（available-for-sale,held-to-maturity）,acquiring other entity under acquisition method,loan principle outflow/inflow
■5-3 CFF
Transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity
e.g.Issue stock,bonds,notes,dividends,repurchase,repay principle，treasury stock transaction（note:receipt dividends&interest,paying interest are CFO;Paying dividend are CFF）
■5-4 Noncash Invest and Finance activities
要点四：非现金投资和融资行为单独披露，分项说明
Supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future CF
e.g.Purchase PP&E or entity by issuing stock,notes,or by COD.
●Conversion bond to equity,preferred share to common share as financing activity（从负债转为权益项目）
●Capital lease obligation for acquiring assets
●Noncash assets exchange
要点五:所得税和利息单独披露要求
●Allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to CFI/CFF is allowable in IFRS,tax paid separately present in CF is required.
●US GAAP requires income taxes paid and interests paid（net of amounts capitalized）be separately presented in CF statement as CFO items,direct method,or disclosed in supplemental disclosure,indirect method
●Cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of CF under U.S.GAAP,because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.
泽稷教育小编预祝每位AICPA学员都将在FAR考试中取得好成绩！
